Japanese And Spanish Again 2016 (PINNED)

Sick for a long time, now attempting to do this all over again.  New version Rosetta Stone for Spanish brushing up. Wanikani, Rosetta stone, and Human Japanese (app for IOS) for Japanese.  Starting again as I have forgotten so much.

Still trying to do Level-Unit-lesson order for Rosetta stone (before the computer this disc works on dies, which will mean the end, as this is such an old disc that it no longer works on modern computers due to conflicts with operating systems, or something).

Spanish: 
Rosetta stone, version 4, I think it is. Will just note down information that is new and useful.

Websites that are useful for Spanish:
Spanish Hulu: http://www.hulu.com/latino
shows: Zou (children's show)
Tierra de Reyes (telenovela)
About.com spanish resources: http://distancelearn.about.com/od/isitforyou/tp/FreeOnlineSpanishClasses.htm
Sources for Spanish Language videos: http://howlearnspanish.com/2012/09/spanish-videos-subtitles-free/
Spanish news - http://www.bbc.com/mundo
Good spanish dictionary - http://www.spanishdict.com




Japanese:
Rosetta stone - old, will jot down useful information to remember.

Websites that are useful for kana:
Very detailed chart of kana: https://tinyurl.com/yc7fmvxx
Personal Kana sheet (to print and make your own chart): http://www.textfugu.com/free/personal-kana-sheet.pdf
Hirgana chart: http://www.textfugu.com/resources/hiragana-chart/
Methods to learn hiragana: http://www.textfugu.com/season-1/reading-writing-memorizing-hiragana/4-6/
Katakana chart: http://www.textfugu.com/cheat-sheets/katakana-chart/
Methods to learn katakana: http://www.textfugu.com/season-3/learn-katakana/2-2/
Real Kana has a website, but it's somewhat broken now. However, the app for IOS works very well and there is a link to where you can find the app on the website: http://realkana.com
Tofugu hiragana - a method using visual images to help remember kana shapes, might be more effective for some. https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/learn-hiragana/
Tofugu stroke order chart: http://www.textfugu.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/hiragana-stroke-order-chart.pdf (note, や is incorrect on this chart, with strokes 1 and 3 reversed)

Practicing Hirgana and Katakana:
Drag and drop hiragana - http://www.csus.edu/indiv/s/sheaa/projects/genki/hiragana-timer.html
Drag and drop katakana - http://www.csus.edu/indiv/s/sheaa/projects/genki/katakana-timer.html
Writing hiragana and katakana - http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/writing
Great practice for fast recognition of kana - http://lab.fleon.org/type-kana/
Nice, easy space invader type game for kana - http://www.valiantls.com/games-for-learning-japanese.html
Warrior game that builds up kana knowledge - http://www.kongregate.com/games/tukkun/kana-warrior
Printables for writing practice, hiragana - http://www.guidetojapanese.org/pdf/hiragana_trace_sheet.pdf
http://japanese-lesson.com/characters/hiragana/hiragana_writing.html (contains blanks, too)
Printables for writing practice, katakana -
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/pdf/katakana_trace_sheet.pdf
http://japanese-lesson.com/characters/katakana/katakana_writing.html (contains blanks, too)
hiragana and katakana with combinations for modern borrow words included https://www.coscom.co.jp/hiragana-katakana/kanapdf/renshuu_hiragana.pdf


Websites useful for Kanji or general learning:
Textfugu - japanese learning program, first lessons free to try out: http://www.textfugu.com/lessons/
Wanikani - made by textfugu folks, for learning kanji: https://www.wanikani.com
Tae Kim's Guid to Japanese - many believe is one of the best guides out there. Don't know if I agree, but it's been dead useful so far, and it's free to boot. http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/
Good information on Radicals and what they are: http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa070101a.htm
Good list of Radicals for Kanji: http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/radical-names.html
Lessons for learning to write kanji: http://www.csus.edu/indiv/s/sheaa/projects/genki/kanji_main.html
Nihongonomori - youtube lessons: https://www.youtube.com/user/freejapaneselessons3
Erin's Challenge - lots of lessons, many formats, video: https://www.erin.ne.jp/en/
Tofugu - Japanese culture blog: https://www.tofugu.com
general learning, including cultural - https://www.coscom.co.jp/index.html
On on'yomi vs. kun'yomi, and general info -https://www.learn-japanese-adventure.com/how-to-determine-onyomi-and-kunyomi-of-each-kanji-character.html
also on'yomi vs. kun'yomi - with some differences of opinion -https://www.fluentu.com/blog/japanese/onyomi-and-kunyomi/
Kanji readings - what do the '.' and '-' mean? -
1. https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/38681/what-is-the-meaning-of-dots-and-dashes-in-kunyomi-readings
2. http://forum.jisho.org/discussion/1197/-and-in-the-kanji-yomi/p1
The official jōyō kanji list published by the Agency of Cultural Affairs - This is very long, and ALL in Japanese, so it can help with kanji, but only if you can read enough Japanese. - http://www.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/sisaku/joho/joho/kijun/naikaku/pdf/joyokanjihyo_20101130.pdf


Apps useful for Kanji or general learning:
Good list of Apps for learning Kanji that are popular with native speakers- http://www.fluentu.com/japanese/blog/best-kanji-apps/
'Pibo -Japanese Picture books' by Ever Sense, Inc, for iOS - huge collection of japanese children's books, all stories have read along audio.
Human Japanese - app for IOS, beginning Japanese lessons. Very straightforward.  Made the more sense to my autistic child than any other language program. Great use of the media.
'Learning Japanese' by Ronald Timoshenko, FREE app - this is the app version of Tae Kim's Guide to Learning Japanese, which many people think is one of the best guides out there.
lingodeer - highly recommended, with a kind of wanikani style, for beginning, early intermediate japanese, chinese, or korean learning.

Websites useful for learning to read Japanese:
Children's book recs: http://www.fluentu.com/japanese/blog/learn-japanese-picture-books/
Satori reads - in beta, reading material for japanese learners, by the folks who created 'Human Japanese: https://satorireader.com
Jisho.org- good for translating, including looking up radicals, how to write kanji: http://jisho.org
Many sources recommended by Tofugu (listed below)
Kodomo times - a newspaper aimed at children with more difficult kanji translated for you. (may no longer be up, I think) http://www.chunichi.co.jp/kodomo/
Kodomo Asahi - a newspaper aimed at children. Orange link goes to elementary school level paper, blue link goes to middle school level paper. http://www.asagaku.com
Asahi Shinbun - adult newspaper - https://www.asahi.com
News Web easy by NHK - news with simple kanji and vocab, but also audio included so you can listen along.   http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/20120824_k10014498931000.html
Traditional Japanese Children's Stories - these were created by a japanese language teacher, so there are translations. http://life.ou.edu/stories/
Fuku Musume's Fairy tale collection - http://hukumusume.com/douwa/betu/
Fantajikan youtube - the audio (and written) stories from fantajikan site (latter which is no longer up)   https://www.youtube.com/user/fantajikan/videos


Websites useful for learning Japanese Grammar:
particle ga vs. wa: http://www.fluentu.com/japanese/blog/japanese-particle-ga-wa/
particle ne: http://www.fluentu.com/japanese/blog/japanese-grammar-particle-ne/
particles ka, ne, and yo: http://www.japaneseprofessor.com/lessons/beginning/the-sentence-ending-particles-ne-and-yo/
particles to end sentences: http://www.fluentu.com/japanese/blog/japanese-sentence-particles/
Grammar for conversational fluency: http://www.fluentu.com/japanese/blog/improve-conversational-japanese/
Japanese grammar guide: http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar

Websites useful for learning Japanese conjugation:
WaniConjugation - for WaniKani users, to practice conjugation of verbs/adj: http://waniconjugation.co.nf
verbix: http://www.verbix.com/languages/japanese.shtml
The ultra handy japanese verb conjugator: http://www.japaneseverbconjugator.com

Websites useful for Japanese Vocabulary:
Japanese counting words: http://www.tofugu.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/japanesecounters.pdf

Websites for daughter learning sessions:
Super beginning lessons - https://thetruejapan.com/how-to-learn-japanese-a-guide-for-absolute-beginners/
beginner lessons - https://thetruejapan.com/learning-japanese-for-beginners-a-complete-guide/
super beginner kanji - http://www.japanese-lesson.com/characters/kanji/index.html
(check beginner lessons for more kanji)
THIS level is where http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar is recommended.

Good lessons to check out after learned a little bit - https://www.japanesepod101.com
recommended as useful - https://iknow.jp


Websites useful for advanced Japanese learning:

- NINJAL-LWP FOR TWC - lots of data on words - common particles, commonality between words, etc... - http://nlt.tsukuba.lagoinst.info/compare/
- Reading materials on subjects you love
- THE "A DICTIONARY OF JAPANESE GRAMMAR" BOOK SERIES (there are three levels, beginner, intermediate, and advanced, each with its own book) - I have found these at amazon.com
- conversations on 'Facetime, Facebook Messenger, LINE, Skype, Google Voice' with other people. Or call up and talk to japanese businesses, hotels, that sort of thing. Will need to make some friends and keep up with them, for this!
- teaching it - when learn, teach it. Jot down notes whenever something wasn't entirely clear to you when teaching, and go through it again. Basically, the feynman technique. 

Japanese Rosetta Stone - Unknowns (PINNED)

Questions I have from Rosetta Stone, Japanese, that I don't have answers for yet. This will be continually updated, and items erased once I figure them out.

Rosetta Stone Lesson Summaries Spanish(PINNED)

Because I sometimes want to go back and review, and can't recall which lesson the information is in!

Rosetta Stone Lesson Summaries Japanese (PINNED)

Old version of Japanese Rosetta Stone

Want Kani Notes of interest

WaniKani is a website with a monthly fee (less than $10) that teaches about 2,000 kanji plus maybe 6,000 vocabulary to go along with that kanji.  I have been trying this out recently and so far I really like it.  It has been a big help.

And there are little tidbits throughout that I am trying to keep track of for myself, that I thought I'd put down here.

Spanish - dishes, office supplies, verbs, nouns, grammar

vocabulary from Rosetta stone, first version and version 4
Latin American Spanish

Dishes:
el vaso - cup
el tazo - cup
el tazón - bowl
el plato- plate


Office supplies-
la pluma - pen
el bolígrafo -pen (version 4)
el papel - paper


verbs-
tener - to have
sostener - to hold (usage of con with sostener - sostiene el telefono CON su mano izquierda)


Adjectives - 
redondo - round
cuadrado- square (adj)
rectangular - rectanular
algo - something
Ambas mujeres - some women
ninguna mujer - no women


Use of a pronoun?
- una esta senalando con su mano derecha y la otra esta con su mano izquierda.

Nouns - 
el micrófono - microphone
la cantante and el cantante - singer
la guitarra- guitar (grammar) tiene una guitarra en la mano izquierda y una en la mano derecha - note the pattern here of una
gire - turn
no estacione - no parking
no gire a la izquierda/a la derecha - no left turn, no right turn
no gire en U - no U turn
el reloj - watch
la ventana - window
la casa - house
señal - sign
la vaca - cow
el canguro - kangaroo


words to be confirmed-
Aviso - caution?
venado - deer?


Grammar -
- Está señalando CON su mano derecha. - pointing with the right hand.
- shapes grammar- no es X, Y, ni Z
use 'es' with shapes like round or square.

Izquierda and derecha

la izquierda
la derecha

la mano derecha - the right hand
la mano izquierda - the left hand

For where something is, like being in someone's hand, you use the verb 'estar'
If it's in a hand, use the preposition 'en'

For example, a ball in a woman's hand is:
La pelota está en la mano de la mujer.

Remember that for two or more things, estar has to change forms;
Las pelotas están...

Japanese particle: de

で
Used in Unit 2 in the middle and latter half of the Unit
One use seems to be as a particle that means 'by way of' or 'using'

Like, 手で is used when something is done by hand, or left or right hand if it's done with one hand or the other (左手で).  1-2-5, I think.

Used when describing what something is doing with their head, and the hands are used to do it.
1-2-9

Japanese - size comparison and placement in hands

1-2-4

Using the phrase 'よりも.'

When used to compare the sizes of circles and squares, the pattern is this:
Object A は Object B よりも 大きい(おおきい))/ 小さい(ちいさい) です。
It seems to mean: Object A, in comparison to object B, is bigger/smaller.


Placement in hand
left hand - 左手 (ひだりた)
right hand - 右手 (みぎて)

To say how many of something was in one hand or the other, for inanimate objects, the Rosetta stone patter introduced was this:
Object A が 'counter' 左手 / 右手 に あります。
It seems to mean: Counter # of Object A are in the left/right hand.

Example: 黄色いボールが二つ左手にあります。

Another example pattern was:
Object A は Person の 左手 / 右手 にありまう。
It seems to mean: Object A is in Person's left/right hand.

The 'left hand'/'right hand' plus に seems to be the important part, as if the verb 'to have' (持つ) is used, then ball is made an object, using を.  But に is still used with the hands designated.

Also a reminder, the counters come AFTER the を, just like they came after the が.

Questions or unknowns about placement or hands
When asking about where something was, and it's in the hand, they used 'どこに,'  with the pattern:
Object は どこにありますか。
When talking about 'something unspecified' being in the left or right hand, the object was referred to as 何か (なにか) and treated like an object (like nanika wo motteimasu.)

Phrases de wa nai

Rosetta - 1 -2 - 2

Describing something by what it is not:
男の人でわない人
The person who is not a man

the 'de wa nai' construction seems to hold true for people and animal descriptions, at least.

Counters in Japanese

Counting words used in Japanese*
Things that are counted in Japanese often have these counting words, and sometimes more than one word can be used for one item. As an example, a noodle might have one counting word for cylindrical items, but also can be counted with the food counting word, or with the counting word for 'bundled items' if it was in a bundle.  So, it's flexible.

japanese Particles ne and yo, and sou desu

http://www.japaneseprofessor.com/lessons/beginning/the-sentence-ending-particles-ne-and-yo/

There was so much good information for me to remember, I've got a lot more quotes this time around, to help.

Notes:
- both work kind of like 'ka,' it changes the meaning of the sentence.
- "The particle ね “ne”, variously translated as “right?”, “huh?”, or “isn’t it?”, can be put at the end of a sentence to create sort of question."
- "Essentially, ne asks for agreement or confirmation. This sentence ender is used frequently when making observations, as in “Ii o-tenki desu ne?” which you learned earlier. In such situations, the speaker is trying to promote a smooth conversation by giving the other person an easy way to agree with them.

It’s also used when the speaker fully expects the listener’s agreement..."

- The sentence ending particle, よ “yo” asserts a fact that the listener may not know. So, rather than asking for agreement, it's more like telling

"Oishii desu ne. This is delicious, isn’t it? (Listener has also tasted it)

Oishii desu yo. It’s good, you know. (Listener hasn’t tried it yet)

The particle is also translated as “I tell you”, but is often left out of the English translation.

In general, yo shows the speaker’s conviction towards whatever they are asserting. When used with commands, it makes the command more forceful. The particle is also sometimes used to answer questions using who/what/etc. as a means of emphasis. (Read more about question words)

In summary, ne asks for agreement, and yo tells how it is."

- "Somewhat paradoxically, Japanese people will often use both yo and ne at the end of a statement.

...Tanoshii desu yo ne. This is fun! (And I hope you agree)

Basically, the yo shows the speaker’s strong conviction for their opinion, but also expects the other person to agree with them. This highlights the softening effect of the particle ne. In an effort to avoid seeming overly assertive, Japanese people will often ask for the other person’s agreement, as well as a variety of other strategies to soften the message of the sentence."

- Some great information on sou desu that I've been trying to figure out forever!

"はい、そうです。 Hai, sou desu. exp. “Yes, that right.” (Response to a question)

そうですか。 Sou desu ka? exp. “It that so?” (Receiving new information)

そうですね。 Sou desu ne. exp. “So it is, isn’t it?” (Agreement with a statement)

そうですよ。 Sou desu yo. exp. “Yes, I agree.” (Strong agreement with a statement)

そうですよね。 Sou desu yo ne. exp. “Yes, I agree.” (Strong agreement with softening)

“Sou desu” means something “that’s how it is” or “so it is”. Each of its variants has a different nuance.

The first version is a way to affirm a yes-no question without repeating the complete sentence.

“Sou desu ka?” is a general response to any new information, and doesn’t necessarily imply any doubt about what was just said.

The variants including yo and ne all express agreement with what the other person just said.

Note that the simple confirmation “sou desu” (or the informal “sou da” or “sou”) can be somewhat abrupt, and adding yo or ne (or both) is often more appropriate."

Japanese Adjectives and Copula (to be)

This site has been very useful for some basics to go over again.

On adjectives: http://www.japaneseprofessor.com/lessons/beginning/japanese-adjectives/
On the copula, desu: http://www.japaneseprofessor.com/lessons/beginning/the-copula-desu/

Notes on interesting points:


Copula -
- verbs are pretty much past and non-past, as there is really little distinction made between now and the future in Japanese. If the time period (now, in a week) isn't specified, it must be inferred.
- "As a side note, desu is believed to be a contraction of "de gozaimasu", which is now mainly used in keigo (honorific speech). At some point, the negative forms of gozaimasu were also replaced by the negative forms of arimasu."
- the topic of a sentence is often implied rather than stated.

And some more links on copula information:
http://www.japaneseprofessor.com/reference/grammar/conjugations-of-the-japanese-copula/

Japanese color notation

This information is collected from various sources, on color vocabulary.

This is a great source for information on colors, on why sometimes there is an 'i' at the end, and sometimes not. Why sometimes you use a 'no' between the color and the word it modifies, and sometimes you don't.

http://www.japaneseprofessor.com/lessons/beginning/colors-in-japanese/

Lots of very good information, and many color words. Worth exploring more.

Trivia on parental address in Japanese

Just a little forum posting:
http://www.funtrivia.com/askft/Question62677.html

Noting some forms of address, and what you might use to refer to parents, but not address parents with.

Ordering food in Japan

Nice little blog post with a lot of information on phrases you will likely hear, or may be able to use, when ordering food in Japan. Looks useful!

http://www.fluentu.com/japanese/blog/how-to-order-food-in-japanese/

Japanese Question words and this,that

Japanese
1-1-10

Who - 誰　= だれ

Ex. 'dare ga oyoide imasu ka' is asking who is swimming.
Answer: otokonohito ga oyoide imasu.

What - 何　なに  or なん

Nani can be used in numerous situations.

What is the thing doing something (verb specific) 'Nani ga hashitte imasu ka? - what is running?
Answer: Uma ga hashitte imasu. - the horse is running.
NOTE: if it's a person, which rather than what is used.

What is the someone doing (verb specific that clarifies something about the verb)? - Otokonohito wa nani wo kite imasu? What is the man wearing?

What is someone doing (not verb specific)? otokonohito wa Nani wo shite imasu  What is the man doing?

What is this X item? Kono tabemono wa nan desu ka? What is this food? Answer would, say, Pan desu (it's bread).

What color is something? Kono kuruma wa nani iro desu ka? What color is this car.
Answer can replace the 'nani iro' with the color. Kono kuruma wa akai desu. This car is red

How many of something (with counting words)? Can combine ’何’ (なん) with counting word plus 'か’ (maybe, not certain if this last is always necessary) to ask how many of a certain thing there is. Ex. Nan dai ka no kuruma (how many cars - think the ka is there). Nan tooka no uma (how many horses).

Where - どこ　

Where is someone? - Otokonohito wa doko ni imasu ka? Where is the man?
Answer would be the exact same, but replace doko with the place, like 'Otokonohito wa teeburu no shita ni imasu.  The man is under the table.
Or use words like here, there, etc... ex. Kuruma wa doko ni arimasu ka?  where is the car?
Answer: Koko ni arimasu. The car is here.
NOTE: it is imasu for people, but would be arimasu for non-people, like another kind of animal, a car, food

Which - どの or どちらの (latter seems more polite, I think? Or possibly with people?)

Used to ask about which one is of something. Possibly non-human usually?
Ex. Dono uma ga tobikoete imasu ka? Which horse is jumping over something?
Answer: Kono uma ga tobikoete imasu. This horse is jumping over something.
Ex. Dochira no kodomo ga gyuunyuu o nonde imasu ka? Otokonoko ga gyuunyuu o nonde imasu.
Which child is drinking milk? The boy is drinking milk.

Useful vocab words

Demonstrative Pronouns that refer to things. (This is big. That is small. That over there is medium sized.
Question word associated with this: どれ
This  -これ - Kore wa pink desu. This is pink.
That　それ Sore wa akai desu. That is red.
That (over there)　あれ Are wa kuroi desu. That over there is black.
NOTE: Referenced from speaker, so this is near speaker, that is near listener but away from speaker, and that over there is far from both of them. UNLESS the speaker and listener are close together, and then can sometimes be treated like one entity with speaker, and the 'that' is far from both of them too, and that over there is further away.

Demonstrative pronouns that refer to places. (Near speaker (here). Near listener (there). Far from both (over there). If speaker shares territory, then the here is near both, the there is away from both, and over there is far away from both.
Question word associated with this: どこ
here (sorta) - ここ
there (sorta) - そこ
there (farther away, sorta) - あそこ

More polite demonstrative pronouns that refer to places. (Near speaker (here). Near listener (there). Far from both (over there). If speaker shares territory, then the here is near both, the there is away from both, and over there is far away from both.
Question word associated with this (the more polite way to ask, kind of means 'which direction'): どちら
here (sorta) (or this direction) - こちら
there (sorta) - そちら
there (farther away, sorta) - あちら

NOTE: the phrase どちら has other meanings too.
どちら - can mean which one of something.
 'どちらの +noun' means 'both of the noun' so dochira no otokonohito would be both men.
So sometimes the answer for a dochira question IS dochira, too.
Also, can mean "who" (dochira-sama desu ka = who is it?


Demonstrative adjectives (This (noun) is big. That (noun) is small. That (noun) over there is small.)
Question word associated with this: どの
This - この - Kono kuruma wa akai desu. This car is red.
That - その Sono kuruma wa pinku desu. That car is pink.
That (over there) - あの Are kuruma wa api desu. That car over there is blue.

(good link describing these words and usage: http://www.learn-japanese-adventure.com/demonstrative-pronouns.html )

Heat, cold, and seasons 1-5-6

Rosetta Stone
1-5-6

New Vocab:
fire - el fuego
snow - la nieve
ice - el hielo
sun - el sol
candle - una vela
flower - flor
purple - violeta
to cover (?) - cubrir (ex. La nieve cubre las montañas.)
quemar - to burn (ex. El fuego está quemando la vela.)
smoke - el humo
match - el fósforo
flame? - una llama
echar - to emit or give off? (ex. El fuego está echando el humo blanco)
To have/make (a flame) - hacer (una llama)
summer - el verano
winter - el invierno
scarf - la bufanda
people or crowd? - la gente
ice cream - el helado
drink - una bebida
to shine (down/over) - brillar (sobre)
ground - el suelo


Grammar:
--When discussing temperature, something that is always a temperature seems to use the verb 'ser.'
Ex: El sol es caliente. La nieve es fría.

--When discussing temperature, something that is a certain temperature now, but not necessarily always, seems to use the verb 'estar.' Either that, or it's solely when discussing food temperature. Check as this comes up later.
Ex. El pan está caliente.

--To be 'behind the clouds' is the same as in english- behind.  ex. El sol está detrás de las nubes.

-- When discussing temperature in terms of weather, use Hacer.
ex. Hace calor en el verano. Hace frío en el invierno.

-- When discussing heat in terms of weather, use calor, not caliente.

--In the sun or under the sun? = 'al sol.'
ex. Estas personas están sentadas al sol.

-- When discussing a person being hot or cold, use 'tener.' Also use calor, not caliente, possibly?
ex. Él tiene calor. Él tiene frío.

--To shine down on something, or over something, use sobre.
ex. El sol brilla sobre el suelo.


Unknown:
burner? - el lumbre.  Looks like a small stove top burner.


How did it go?
This one is taking longer to stick for some reason.

Was anything tricky or difficult?
I have a hard time remembering candle (vela), smoke (humo) and flame (llama), for some reason. And remember when to use caliente vs. calor. Going to take some practice to do this.

What would make it better next time?
I think practicing it in different contexts, maybe do more of the speaking, as that tends to make me think more.

Rosetta Stone Japanese

Level 1- Unit 1 - lesson1 (1-1-1)

Notes to help me remember what I THINK I've learned.
Reminder: as this is Rosetta Stone, some of this may turn out to be wrong. It's more to help go over what's on the lesson than to preserve completely for future reference. Making words larger to help read the kanji characters

New words:
airplane - 飛行機
ball - ボール
boat - ボート
boy - 男の子
car - 車
elephant - 象
girl - 女の子
inside - 中
man -　男の人
on top of/above -　上

ride - 乗って

table -　テーブル
under/underneath - 下
woman -　女の人

Grammar notes:
--Above, inside, and underneath have  に    afterward. Denotes what they are, I think.

-- の  is after noun before the placement is given. Ex. 男の子の上にあるボール
I believe the translation would be something like 'the ball that's on top of a boy.' Only it's The boy (subject of this section) on top of (with regards to what is going on with the boy) that's (used for objects, I think) ball.

--I noticed that when it's a person and not an object, it's いる, not ある.

Grammar notes for Unit 5, lesson 5 Spanish

1-5-5
Rosetta Stone

New Vocab:
pasear - to walk, as in to walk a dog
empujar - to push?
jalar - to pull?
arreglar? - to fix or work on, like work on a bicycle? arregla la bicicleta.
la medicina - medicine
glass of water - vaso de agua
alguien - someone
algo - something

Grammar:
andar en la bicicleta - ride a bik

is giving something to someone else
 X le está dando (sometimes el or la) Y a el/la Z
ex. El hombre le está dando la guitarra a la niña.
OR
X le está dando a Z Y
ex. Alguien le está dando al hombre un plato de comida

is getting something from someone else
X está recibiendo (sometimes el or la) Y de el/la Z
ex. El niño está recibiendo la guitarra de la mujer.


Unknown:
1. El hombre está cargando al niño.
carry, maybe - walking with boy on his shoulders in the picture.

2. La niña está agarrando un plato
she;s picking up an empty plate from a stack of plates on a table. Getting herself a plate? Fixing a plate - is it related to arreglando?  Arranging the plates?  Checking on this. Google translate says grab, gripping, getting a hold of

3. past tense of dar?
El hombre le dio un vaso de leche a la mujer
for when he's already given it to her.


How did it go?
Pretty well. I remembered much of this the first time around, I liked it well enough.

Was anything tricky or difficult?
Arreglar vs. agarrar kept tripping me up
Arreglar - to fix  agarrar - to grab

remembering the reflexive 'le' before the verb 'dar.'

What can help?
Agarrar - My mnemonic: a caveman, Garr,  coming into a house and pointing to every object he finds. Every time he sees one he goes 'Ah! Garr's!'  and grabs it.

Arreglar - The group of men are sitting around trying to fix this weird, crazy bicycle in rainbow colors and pinwheels and such. And every time they try something and it fails, they are glaring at the thing like that will fix it instead.