vocabulary from Rosetta stone, first version and version 4
Latin American Spanish
Dishes:
el vaso - cup
el tazo - cup
el tazón - bowl
el plato- plate
Office supplies-
la pluma - pen
el bolígrafo -pen (version 4)
el papel - paper
verbs-
tener - to have
sostener - to hold (usage of con with sostener - sostiene el telefono CON su mano izquierda)
Adjectives -
redondo - round
cuadrado- square (adj)
rectangular - rectanular
algo - something
Ambas mujeres - some women
ninguna mujer - no women
Use of a pronoun?
- una esta senalando con su mano derecha y la otra esta con su mano izquierda.
Nouns -
el micrófono - microphone
la cantante and el cantante - singer
la guitarra- guitar (grammar) tiene una guitarra en la mano izquierda y una en la mano derecha - note the pattern here of una
gire - turn
no estacione - no parking
no gire a la izquierda/a la derecha - no left turn, no right turn
no gire en U - no U turn
el reloj - watch
la ventana - window
la casa - house
señal - sign
la vaca - cow
el canguro - kangaroo
words to be confirmed-
Aviso - caution?
venado - deer?
Grammar -
- Está señalando CON su mano derecha. - pointing with the right hand.
- shapes grammar- no es X, Y, ni Z
use 'es' with shapes like round or square.
Showing posts with label Spanish adjectives. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Spanish adjectives. Show all posts
Saturday, May 28, 2016
Izquierda and derecha
la izquierda
la derecha
la mano derecha - the right hand
la mano izquierda - the left hand
For where something is, like being in someone's hand, you use the verb 'estar'
If it's in a hand, use the preposition 'en'
For example, a ball in a woman's hand is:
La pelota está en la mano de la mujer.
Remember that for two or more things, estar has to change forms;
Las pelotas están...
la derecha
la mano derecha - the right hand
la mano izquierda - the left hand
For where something is, like being in someone's hand, you use the verb 'estar'
If it's in a hand, use the preposition 'en'
For example, a ball in a woman's hand is:
La pelota está en la mano de la mujer.
Remember that for two or more things, estar has to change forms;
Las pelotas están...
Thursday, February 20, 2014
Heat, cold, and seasons 1-5-6
Rosetta Stone
1-5-6
New Vocab:
fire - el fuego
snow - la nieve
ice - el hielo
sun - el sol
candle - una vela
flower - flor
purple - violeta
to cover (?) - cubrir (ex. La nieve cubre las montañas.)
quemar - to burn (ex. El fuego está quemando la vela.)
smoke - el humo
match - el fósforo
flame? - una llama
echar - to emit or give off? (ex. El fuego está echando el humo blanco)
To have/make (a flame) - hacer (una llama)
summer - el verano
winter - el invierno
scarf - la bufanda
people or crowd? - la gente
ice cream - el helado
drink - una bebida
to shine (down/over) - brillar (sobre)
ground - el suelo
Grammar:
--When discussing temperature, something that is always a temperature seems to use the verb 'ser.'
Ex: El sol es caliente. La nieve es fría.
--When discussing temperature, something that is a certain temperature now, but not necessarily always, seems to use the verb 'estar.' Either that, or it's solely when discussing food temperature. Check as this comes up later.
Ex. El pan está caliente.
--To be 'behind the clouds' is the same as in english- behind. ex. El sol está detrás de las nubes.
-- When discussing temperature in terms of weather, use Hacer.
ex. Hace calor en el verano. Hace frío en el invierno.
-- When discussing heat in terms of weather, use calor, not caliente.
--In the sun or under the sun? = 'al sol.'
ex. Estas personas están sentadas al sol.
-- When discussing a person being hot or cold, use 'tener.' Also use calor, not caliente, possibly?
ex. Él tiene calor. Él tiene frío.
--To shine down on something, or over something, use sobre.
ex. El sol brilla sobre el suelo.
Unknown:
burner? - el lumbre. Looks like a small stove top burner.
How did it go?
This one is taking longer to stick for some reason.
Was anything tricky or difficult?
I have a hard time remembering candle (vela), smoke (humo) and flame (llama), for some reason. And remember when to use caliente vs. calor. Going to take some practice to do this.
What would make it better next time?
I think practicing it in different contexts, maybe do more of the speaking, as that tends to make me think more.
1-5-6
New Vocab:
fire - el fuego
snow - la nieve
ice - el hielo
sun - el sol
candle - una vela
flower - flor
purple - violeta
to cover (?) - cubrir (ex. La nieve cubre las montañas.)
quemar - to burn (ex. El fuego está quemando la vela.)
smoke - el humo
match - el fósforo
flame? - una llama
echar - to emit or give off? (ex. El fuego está echando el humo blanco)
To have/make (a flame) - hacer (una llama)
summer - el verano
winter - el invierno
scarf - la bufanda
people or crowd? - la gente
ice cream - el helado
drink - una bebida
to shine (down/over) - brillar (sobre)
ground - el suelo
Grammar:
--When discussing temperature, something that is always a temperature seems to use the verb 'ser.'
Ex: El sol es caliente. La nieve es fría.
--When discussing temperature, something that is a certain temperature now, but not necessarily always, seems to use the verb 'estar.' Either that, or it's solely when discussing food temperature. Check as this comes up later.
Ex. El pan está caliente.
--To be 'behind the clouds' is the same as in english- behind. ex. El sol está detrás de las nubes.
-- When discussing temperature in terms of weather, use Hacer.
ex. Hace calor en el verano. Hace frío en el invierno.
-- When discussing heat in terms of weather, use calor, not caliente.
--In the sun or under the sun? = 'al sol.'
ex. Estas personas están sentadas al sol.
-- When discussing a person being hot or cold, use 'tener.' Also use calor, not caliente, possibly?
ex. Él tiene calor. Él tiene frío.
--To shine down on something, or over something, use sobre.
ex. El sol brilla sobre el suelo.
Unknown:
burner? - el lumbre. Looks like a small stove top burner.
How did it go?
This one is taking longer to stick for some reason.
Was anything tricky or difficult?
I have a hard time remembering candle (vela), smoke (humo) and flame (llama), for some reason. And remember when to use caliente vs. calor. Going to take some practice to do this.
What would make it better next time?
I think practicing it in different contexts, maybe do more of the speaking, as that tends to make me think more.
Saturday, May 18, 2013
Su and sus
Unit 2, ...
ENGLISH LESSON FIRST: Possessive adjectives vs. possessive pronouns.
Adjectives are used to modify nouns, whereas pronouns are used to replace nouns.
Possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns can be easily confused at first because of the similarity in words, so you have to look at how they are being used.
Possessive adjective:
my
your
her
his
its
their
our
Ex.
my dog, your cat, his canary, their car
All of these are modifying a noun, changing what we know about it, further describing it.
Possessive pronouns:
mine
yours
his
hers
theirs
ours
ex.
That is Sally`s.
That is hers.
That is Brina's.
That is his.
These would be used to replace possessive nouns. Without pronouns, mine and yours would simply be the names of the people involved, rather than the pronouns we usually use.
SPANISH LESSON, POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS:
Possessive adjectives:
1. Must match the nouns they modify in number and gender
ex. la pelota amarilla - the yellow ball
las pelotas amarillas - the yellow balls
el papel amarillo - the yellow paper
los papeles amarillos - the yellow papers
2. Spanish has two forms of possessive adjectives, a short form before nouns and a long form after nouns. The short form is more common, and the long form can have a more formal, literary feel. The long is more often used when translating -of ours, yours, etc...
Short form of possessive adjectives, before a noun, sometimes known as possessive determiners -
mí, mís - my
tu, tus - your (single, familiar) - notice the lack of accent on 'tu.' Tú means 'you'
su, sus - your (single or plural formal), its, his, her, their
nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras - our (same in long and short forms)
ex. Quiero comprar tu coche - I want to buy your car.
Quiero comprar sus coches - I want to buy her cars. (whether it's her, his, and such is determined by context)
Long form of possessive adjectives, after a noun -
mío, mía, míos, mías - my, - of mine
tuyo, tuya, tuyos, tuyas - your (singular, familiar), of yours
suyo, suya, suyos, suyas - its, his, her, your (formal, singular or plural), of its, of his, of hers, of yours (sing, formal), their, of theirs
nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras - our, of ours
There is one more form which is not used in Latin America, for you, plural, familiar.
ex. Prefiera la casa tuya. I prefer your house. I prefer the house of yours.
Es un coche nuestro. It is our car. It is a car of ours.
DIFFERENCES IN USE:
1. For body parts, clothing, and items intimately associated with an individual, Spanish uses el, la, los, or las - the equivalent for the.' However, it is still translated as a possessive adjective.
ex. Sam arregla el pelo. Sam brushes his hair
2. Repetition of possessive adjectives
In Spanish, a single possessive adjective refers to one noun only, unless multiple nouns refer to the same person or object.
Son mis amigos y hermanos - They are my friends and siblings. However, a better translation might be 'They are both my friends and siblings.'
Son mis amigos y mis hermanos. This is to say 'They are my friends and siblings' and mean that some of them are your friends and others of them are your siblings.
So 'my cats and dogs' would be 'mis gatos y mis perros.'
Possessive pronouns: EXACTLY THE SAME AS THE LONG FORM POSS. ADJ.
Some linguists consider them possessive adjectives, still. These are NOT used the same way we use poss. pronouns in English.
DIFFERENCES IN USE:
1. Possessive pronouns are usually preceded by the article el, la, los, or las. The exception is when the poss. pronouns follows the verb 'ser,' like in es or son. It is usually not used then, although it can be kept for emphasis.
2. Suyo - This is obviously pretty ambiguous. If the context doesn't reveal what suyo should mean, it can be left out and replaced with things like 'de él,' 'de ella,' 'de ellos/ellas.' To mean of his, of hers, of theirs.
Ex. No es mi coche. Es de ella. It isn't my car. It's hers.
3. The singluar masculine form can also be treated as neuter and preceded by 'lo.' Even though it is singular, the pronoun can stand for multiple objects. The neuter is used when no specific object is being referred to.
Ex. No toques lo mìo. Don't touch what's mine. Don't touch my things.
Lo mío es importante. What's mine is important. My things are important.
Sources for this information:
http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-the-difference-between-a-possessive-pronoun-and-a-possessive-adjective.htm#did-you-know
spanish info long form - http://spanish.about.com/od/adjectives/a/long_form_possessive_adjectives.htm
Spanish info short form - http://spanish.about.com/od/adjectives/a/possessive_adjectives.htm
Spanish info poss. pronoun - http://spanish.about.com/od/pronouns/a/possessive_pronouns.htm
ENGLISH LESSON FIRST: Possessive adjectives vs. possessive pronouns.
Adjectives are used to modify nouns, whereas pronouns are used to replace nouns.
Possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns can be easily confused at first because of the similarity in words, so you have to look at how they are being used.
Possessive adjective:
my
your
her
his
its
their
our
Ex.
my dog, your cat, his canary, their car
All of these are modifying a noun, changing what we know about it, further describing it.
Possessive pronouns:
mine
yours
his
hers
theirs
ours
ex.
That is Sally`s.
That is hers.
That is Brina's.
That is his.
These would be used to replace possessive nouns. Without pronouns, mine and yours would simply be the names of the people involved, rather than the pronouns we usually use.
SPANISH LESSON, POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS:
Possessive adjectives:
1. Must match the nouns they modify in number and gender
ex. la pelota amarilla - the yellow ball
las pelotas amarillas - the yellow balls
el papel amarillo - the yellow paper
los papeles amarillos - the yellow papers
2. Spanish has two forms of possessive adjectives, a short form before nouns and a long form after nouns. The short form is more common, and the long form can have a more formal, literary feel. The long is more often used when translating -of ours, yours, etc...
Short form of possessive adjectives, before a noun, sometimes known as possessive determiners -
mí, mís - my
tu, tus - your (single, familiar) - notice the lack of accent on 'tu.' Tú means 'you'
su, sus - your (single or plural formal), its, his, her, their
nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras - our (same in long and short forms)
ex. Quiero comprar tu coche - I want to buy your car.
Quiero comprar sus coches - I want to buy her cars. (whether it's her, his, and such is determined by context)
Long form of possessive adjectives, after a noun -
mío, mía, míos, mías - my, - of mine
tuyo, tuya, tuyos, tuyas - your (singular, familiar), of yours
suyo, suya, suyos, suyas - its, his, her, your (formal, singular or plural), of its, of his, of hers, of yours (sing, formal), their, of theirs
nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras - our, of ours
There is one more form which is not used in Latin America, for you, plural, familiar.
ex. Prefiera la casa tuya. I prefer your house. I prefer the house of yours.
Es un coche nuestro. It is our car. It is a car of ours.
DIFFERENCES IN USE:
1. For body parts, clothing, and items intimately associated with an individual, Spanish uses el, la, los, or las - the equivalent for the.' However, it is still translated as a possessive adjective.
ex. Sam arregla el pelo. Sam brushes his hair
2. Repetition of possessive adjectives
In Spanish, a single possessive adjective refers to one noun only, unless multiple nouns refer to the same person or object.
Son mis amigos y hermanos - They are my friends and siblings. However, a better translation might be 'They are both my friends and siblings.'
Son mis amigos y mis hermanos. This is to say 'They are my friends and siblings' and mean that some of them are your friends and others of them are your siblings.
So 'my cats and dogs' would be 'mis gatos y mis perros.'
Possessive pronouns: EXACTLY THE SAME AS THE LONG FORM POSS. ADJ.
1. They match the noun that would be 'modified' by them as if they were poss. adjectives.
Example: Tu madre y la mía no pueden cantar. Your mother and mine can't sing. We use 'la mía' because it matches 'mother,' and mine represents: my mother.
Mis calcetines son rojos. Los suyos son verdes. My socks are red. Yours/his/hers/yours pl/theirs are green. Suyos is plural and masculine to match the word socks, but doesn't give us any idea whether this is his, hers, yours, etc....
The pronouns:
mío, mía, míos, mías - mine
tuyo, tuya, tuyos, tuyas - yours (singular, familiar)
suyo, suya, suyos, suyas - its, his, hers, yours (formal, singular or plural), theirs
nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras - ours
Some linguists consider them possessive adjectives, still. These are NOT used the same way we use poss. pronouns in English.
DIFFERENCES IN USE:
1. Possessive pronouns are usually preceded by the article el, la, los, or las. The exception is when the poss. pronouns follows the verb 'ser,' like in es or son. It is usually not used then, although it can be kept for emphasis.
2. Suyo - This is obviously pretty ambiguous. If the context doesn't reveal what suyo should mean, it can be left out and replaced with things like 'de él,' 'de ella,' 'de ellos/ellas.' To mean of his, of hers, of theirs.
Ex. No es mi coche. Es de ella. It isn't my car. It's hers.
3. The singluar masculine form can also be treated as neuter and preceded by 'lo.' Even though it is singular, the pronoun can stand for multiple objects. The neuter is used when no specific object is being referred to.
Ex. No toques lo mìo. Don't touch what's mine. Don't touch my things.
Lo mío es importante. What's mine is important. My things are important.
Sources for this information:
http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-the-difference-between-a-possessive-pronoun-and-a-possessive-adjective.htm#did-you-know
spanish info long form - http://spanish.about.com/od/adjectives/a/long_form_possessive_adjectives.htm
Spanish info short form - http://spanish.about.com/od/adjectives/a/possessive_adjectives.htm
Spanish info poss. pronoun - http://spanish.about.com/od/pronouns/a/possessive_pronouns.htm
Saturday, May 4, 2013
Spanish - colors
Rosetta Stone
1-1-3
Colors with added material
Colors:
colors are adjectives, so match in gender and number and come after the nouns in spanish
*oscuro - dark (can also use with colors, like azul oscuro = dark blue)
*claro - light (can also use with colors, like azul claro = light blue)
*NOTE: some sources from Mexico are using different terms for light and dark WITH THE COLOR BLUE:
azul marino - navy blue
azul cielo - I think 'sky blue' is the best translation of this, perhaps
rosado(a) - pink
rojo(a) - red
blanco(a) - white
negro(a) - black
marrón - brown (also castaño, moreno, or pardo, depending on the shade)
gris - gray
morado(a) - purple (or púpura)
verde - green
amarillo(a) - yellow
anaranjado(a) - orange
azul - blue
plateado(a) - silver
dorado(a) - gold(en)
Nouns can also be used as colors, like we use the term coffee. However, if they are, frequently they will still be treated as a noun and not change number or gender, although the longer they have been used in this capacity, the more they seem to shift to changing in number and gender like a normal adj. Different speakers may use them differently, as a result.
An example:
a coffee-colored shirt is una camisa de color café.
Also, with nouns used as color, the de color or color de may be left out, so you'd just have 'una camisa café.' This information, plus more on this, can be found at this site: http://spanish.about.com/od/adjectives/a/colors.htm
Some spanish nouns that are also used as colors:
beige, beis - beige (according to some, the 'beige' is pronounced close to 'beish.'
cereza - cherry colored
chocolate - chocolat colored
esmerelda - emerald
grana - dark red
humo- smoky
lila - lilac
malva - mauve
mostaza - mustard colored
naranja - orange
oro - gold
paja- straw colored
rosa - pink
turquesa - turqoise colored
violeta - violet
1-1-3
Colors with added material
Colors:
colors are adjectives, so match in gender and number and come after the nouns in spanish
*oscuro - dark (can also use with colors, like azul oscuro = dark blue)
*claro - light (can also use with colors, like azul claro = light blue)
*NOTE: some sources from Mexico are using different terms for light and dark WITH THE COLOR BLUE:
azul marino - navy blue
azul cielo - I think 'sky blue' is the best translation of this, perhaps
rosado(a) - pink
rojo(a) - red
blanco(a) - white
negro(a) - black
marrón - brown (also castaño, moreno, or pardo, depending on the shade)
gris - gray
morado(a) - purple (or púpura)
verde - green
amarillo(a) - yellow
anaranjado(a) - orange
azul - blue
plateado(a) - silver
dorado(a) - gold(en)
Nouns can also be used as colors, like we use the term coffee. However, if they are, frequently they will still be treated as a noun and not change number or gender, although the longer they have been used in this capacity, the more they seem to shift to changing in number and gender like a normal adj. Different speakers may use them differently, as a result.
An example:
a coffee-colored shirt is una camisa de color café.
Also, with nouns used as color, the de color or color de may be left out, so you'd just have 'una camisa café.' This information, plus more on this, can be found at this site: http://spanish.about.com/od/adjectives/a/colors.htm
Some spanish nouns that are also used as colors:
beige, beis - beige (according to some, the 'beige' is pronounced close to 'beish.'
cereza - cherry colored
chocolate - chocolat colored
esmerelda - emerald
grana - dark red
humo- smoky
lila - lilac
malva - mauve
mostaza - mustard colored
naranja - orange
oro - gold
paja- straw colored
rosa - pink
turquesa - turqoise colored
violeta - violet
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